The first true challenge to out of state vendors came in 1967 in the Belles Hess vs Illinois Supreme Court case. The Supreme Court, not finding any valid constitutional reason or precedent to allow Interstate sales tax collection, turned it down. In the decision, the Supreme Court stated that most individual State sales tax collection apparatus were overly complicated and still highly burdensome. The States made a vigorous attempt to create a common sales tax collection apparatus and tried again in 1992 with the Quill vs North Dakota Supreme Court case. They felt that they had met all of the criteria which caused the downfall of the 1967 case, but once again the Supreme Court turned the case down. The decision stated that as long as certain states allowed for “local” rather than a State centralized collection apparatus, it still constituted an “unfair” burden to Interstate commerce. For example, you could not have one parish in Louisiana collecting the tax, while another parish in Louisiana might not even have sales tax.

      The Supreme Court then allowed for the creation of something called “Nexus”. This allowed the individual States to define what “substantial physical presence” meant. If, by that State’s definition, you had a “substantial physical presence” in that State, you could be made liable for the payment of sales tax in that State, even if you were an out-of-state vendor.

      Some of the states got quite ridiculous in their “definition” so that if you had even just one person answering a phone number tied to your out-of-state business in their State, you were liable for the sales tax. Very much like letting the inmates run the asylum. This caused an order by the Supreme Court in 2000 for the States to create “streamlined sales tax”.

     Currently, there are two bills before Congress.  The Senate bill grants authority to the States to require remote retailers (out-of-state) to collect all applicable sales tax. It alters Nexus so that it applies only to remote retailers who do less than $1 million in business in the State. All remote retailers who do $1 million or more in business will have to collect that State’s sales tax. It defines a remote retailer as any business that makes interstate sales of products or services in any State that is not their “home” State. It may include sales tax on products or services that are “exempt” in the seller’s “home” State, but are not necessarily “exempt” in the State of sale. This bill requires very little in the way of simplification from any of the States in their sales tax collection code.

      There are two types of States, those that have complied with the 2000 Court “streamlined sales tax” order and those that have not complied. Of the compliant States, 22 have already implemented more sales tax reform and simplification than is required. Even some non-streamlined States like Virginia and Idaho have simplified their codes enough to be compliant with the Senate bill. Some States, most notably, Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, Louisiana and Alabama still have “local” sales tax collection and are in no way prepared to be compliant with or execute this bill if it passes.

      Nexus still exists, but is applicable only to remote retailers that do less than $1 million in business in the remote State. Nexus will not “protect” the remote retailer once the gross receipts exceed $1 million in an individual remote State. Nexus will be used to determine when a State will be liable to provide a remote retailer with that State’s sales tax software. Click through Nexus will still continue to exist. The Supreme Court has lifted restrictions and the individual States can define “substantial physical presence” any way they want.

      This is NOT about the Internet or about Internet sales. This bill will be applied to so many more other retailers, that the Internet retailers are only a small fraction of the retailers affected by this bill. The Senate bill is more concerned with “who” makes the sales, not “how” the sales are made. 

     States that are registered as “streamlined” (see figure above) can require the collection of sales taxes from remote retailers at the 180 day mark of the passage of this bill. Non-streamlined States have to wait 6 months after the passage to begin to require the payment of sales tax from remote retailers. In each case however; the collection must start on the first day of a calendar quarter…i.e. Jan 1, Apr 1, July 1, Oct 1.

      Individual State sales tax software must be made available to all remote retailers doing $1 million or more in sales in that State. The cost of the software is the responsibility of the State, not the remote retailer, and the software must be certified and provided to the State by a certified software writer.  

     The House bill is different. It would impose a limit on the number of audits and a stronger limitation to tax any business on any other applicable taxes. The House wishes to enforce the Internet Tax Freedom Act which would essentially make sales on the Internet sales tax free. It also wants to enforce the privacy codes embedded within the Digital Goods Sourcing Act (not good for the NSA). The House wants a moratorium on the cell phone tax and the rental car tax and simplification of the Business Activity Act. 

     Needless to say, the two bills, Senate and House are different and will require reconciliation before anything gets passed. Most “Big Box Retailers” support this, along with Amazon.com and The National Retail Federation. EBay opposes and everyone who is anti-tax/anti-big government also opposes.

     Precision Computer Methods Inc. has several solutions to make collecting and reporting on sales tax both now, and in the future easier and more compliant. Click on the link below for more information: